A B S T R A C T Tourism as a socio-economic activity plays an essential role in the economic, social, physical, and cultural dimensions of Rural settlements in developing countries, which can have significant impacts on Rural physical identity. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the impact of tourism on the identity changes of Rural settlements in Oraman area of Sarvabad Township in Kurdistan province. Therefore, the present study questions 1. What is the relationship between tourism Development and Rural identity changes in the study area? What are the most critical factors influencing the physical Development of Rural settlements? He answers. The present study is a descriptive-analytical based on data collection using a questionnaire. The statistical population of the study consisted of 7 villages located in the Dezli-Hajij communication axis in Oraman District based on population and housing census data of 1395 with 1572 households and 306 households were selected using Cochran formula. One-sample t-test and factor analysis were used for data analysis. The findings of the study showed that tourism Development in the sample villages in terms of continuity over time such as housing construction quality (3/67), sanitation (3/39) and land-use changes (3/78) and unity and plurality such as Design and style of housing architecture (3/01) and public transit architecture (3/23) and then differentiation and homogeneity such as proportionality with Rural life (3/58) and Rurality or location (3/43) have a positive impact on the physical dimensions of Rural settlements in the region. The results of the exploratory factor analysis showed that tourism Development plays a vital role in the Development of Rural physical identity in the region. So that the proportion of Rural life with a specific amount of 13/6 and 27% of the total variance had the most influence among the factors Extended Abstract Introduction  As an important socio-economic activity in local and regional Development, tourism has a high potential for political, social, and economic changes in communities. Scholars widely regard it as the engine of Development. Today, Rural areas in developing countries face various economic, social, and environmental challenges. Planners need to pay more attention to complementary sectors of agricultural activities such as the Development of handicrafts, food industries, and tourism because agriculture is now retreating from its hegemonic position in some Rural areas. Therefore, tourism as one of the essential approaches to Rural Development has multiple effects on the socio-economic dimensions of Rural areas. Tourism can play a vital role in shaping spaces, reconfiguring and rebuilding processes, creating new socio-economic opportunities in less-developed Rural areas,  and leads to changes in the physical dimensions and physical identity of the villages.   Methodology This study aims to investigate the role of tourism Development in the physical identity of  Rural settlements located in the Dezley-Hajij road axis in Oraman County (Sarvabad Township- Kurdistan province) in western Iran. This applied study methodology of research was based on analytical– descriptive methods using questionnaires. After the survey of theoretical bases, the questionnaire was set using a Likert spectrum and distributed randomly among the sample. The statistical population of this study consisted of 1572 households residing in the villages of Daraki (Dezli County), Veisiyan and Kamaleh (Oraman County), Belbar, Jivar, Celin, and Novin (Shalyar County), with a sample of 306 was selected by Cochran formula. A questionnaire was further validated by an academic panel of experts in the field of research. Cronbach's alpha determined its reliability, which was up to 0.890 for measured indexes. The data were analyzed by One sample T-test and Factor   analysis tests in the SPSS software package.    Results and discussion To investigate the role of tourism activities in the physical identity change of Rural settlements, the research indices in terms of three components of time continuity (quality of constructions, health, and environmental cleanliness and land-use transformations), unity/multiplicity (Landscape of free passages and the type of architectural style), and differentiation/similarity (proportional to Rural life and Compliance with the physical environment) were classified. The results of the one-sample t-test showed that assuming numerical utility (3 mean spectra), the components of continuity in time, variance, multiplicity, and differentiation and similarity with numerical mean values (3.62), (3.35), and (3.27), respectively. The effect of tourism Development is affected, and the difference is positive and means between upper and lower boundaries. There is a significant difference at the 95% level between the components. Evaluation of the importance of tourism in the physical Development of Rural settlements from the viewpoint of the respondents using factor analysis statistical test showed that the relevant data according to the KMO coefficient (0.812) is appropriate, and the Bartlett's test is 99% significant. Therefore, 50 variables extracted from the questionnaire were classified into six main factors, namely Rural planning and architecture, beautification and environmental hygiene, privacy and road improvement, Rural livelihoods, cultural regeneration, and physical security.   Conclusion Findings based on the utility analysis of indicators indicate the positive impact of tourism Development on the Development of physical identity changes in Rural settlements in the study area. Thus, the Development of tourism in the villages under study has been able to positively influence the three dimensions of identity, such as continuity in time, unity and plurality, and differentiation and similarity. Therefore, it can be concluded that tourism Development due to its social and economic impacts on the villages has also led to changes in Rural physical identity. Moreover, hygiene and cleanliness of the Rural environment were observed with a numerical mean (3.81) and (3.67), respectively, both of which are indices in the continuity component over time. The results of the data analysis using factor analysis showed that the studied variables had 6% of the total variance in 5% of total variance. Based on the results of this analysis, it can be concluded that tourism Development in two factors in terms of continuity in time has the most impact on the physical identity of Rural settlements at 41%. Thus, planning and architecture of Rural housing with 27% of the total variance and beautification and sanitation of the physical environment with 14% of the total variance have a significant impact on the physical changes and, consequently, the physical identity of the Rural settlements. Based on the research findings, the following suggestions can be considered: Strengthening local institutions, such as the Islamic Council and the local managers, in order to promote the use of local patterns in the construction of new instruments to conform to the physical structure and function of the villages in the region; Management of land use changes on the edge of the village in order to prevent unnecessary physical changes in the way of preservation and environmental beauty; Prevent the accumulation of pesticides in public passages due to tourism in the area; Improving public beauties and beautifying them using the social and cultural elements of the region.   Funding There is no funding support.   Authors’ Contribution The authors contributed equally to the conceptualization and writing of the article. All of the authors approved the content of the manuscript and agreed on all aspects of the work.   Conflict of Interest The Authors declared no conflict of interest.   Acknowledgments The authors appreciate to all the scientific consultants of this paper.

Oleaeuropa is the oldest plants. That has been exploited in the world. Khuzestan prone areas of olive cultivation, sowing dates back to over a thousand years ago in this Giyan returns (old olive trees that are the wild in cities Baghmlk-ize-Ahvaz-MasjedSoleiman - Dezful exist because these are best.) between the cities of the province, Khuzestan province, located in the northeastern city ize the olive crop is planted a few years ago. in this article how to evaluate the potential and prospects of Development of olive cultivation in the villages of the Rural economy ize city are paid.Descriptive analytical research method - is analytical. Size of our sample by simple random sampling of villages was selected from a number equal to 200 residents and residents of the villages. The tool has been collecting information through questionnaires.Number of villages, including 12 Rural villages in the selection criteria was based on sampling conditions.Selection criteria for villages in two forms, firstly the relative dispersion ize the whole city have to be a possible review. Secondly villages in terms of ability and talent (human nature) were suitable for the cultivation of olive plants. Within each village in the snowball sampling method is used to select the olive farmers.SPSS software also is used. Results because research shows similar weather conditions ize city in terms of temperature, precipitation and climate charts and tables... Mediterranean-like conditions that are suitable for olive cultivation and Development. For economic analysis, according to Calculation of income - fee and the investment for an olive to do with 100 acres course of 40 years, it was shown that the construction of Olive Garden is economic as well as from analysis of data from the questionnaire were important results were as follows: 1-To compare the economic figures the cultivation of olives was determind that the economic number are: local Baghmlk and Dezful, Amygdalyfvlya, Knsrvalya, Jlt, Mhzmabvstl are.2-Farmers because of the high yielding varieties improved the ignorance and the planting of trees have mentioned, the survey showed that 43 percent of people who lack the reason for rejection to have mentioned the 44 to 56 years and 40 percent of people who lack the reason for rejection they are in their basic level of literacy.3 -production rate of50.5 percentolivefarmersin theregiongiven thesample sizeisbetween4 to 5tons in acres are.

Purpose: The purpose of this applied research is to study the effectiveness of gamification on corporate training.  Methodology: A gamified course was designed and implemented to train the location of Fire Hosing Cabinet for 24 employees of a firefighting maintenance company in Iran Mall shopping Center in Tehran. Using a quantitative quasi-experimental research plan (post-test only control group design) the participants of the study were randomly assigned to treatment (12) and control (12) groups and trained for a week.  Conclusion: The descriptive and interpretive result of the posttest analyses indicated the effectiveness of gamification of the training performed for the employees of the firefighting maintenance company in Iran Mall shopping Center in Tehran. Moreover, the descriptive result of Gamification Acceptance Questionnaire answered by the members of the experimental group after gamified training indicated that all the participants in the experimental group were satisfied with the gamified training course.

Nowadays, Rural tourism is considered as a main section in economical activities. There are different approaches to this important economical activity. Some recognize it as a segment of tourism market and some believe it as a Rural Development policy. The question is that what is the role of Rural tourism in Rural Development and sustainable Rural Development. In the last decade of twentieth century, most of the social and economic planners in European countries introduce tourism industry as the most certain pattern with clear landscape for Rural Development, especially those deprived villages. The performed studies in France, Austria, Switzerland, England, Ireland, Thailand and Japan show fast Rural tourism Development in Rural economy and complemented agricultural activities. The main nature ohourism industry is creating employment, increasing income, divesifying economic, social contribution and using local resources. Since what caused poverty and underDevelopment of the Rural societies is the-lack Qf tourism industry in these societies, which by solving the above mentioned problems can cause Rural Development.

In Iran, new centralization characteristic, especially during Pahlavi dynasty, has been convergence and its vast use in bureaucracy. Historical sociological studies have consensus on the issues of centralization, power centralization, and political sovereignty in Iran; however, these issues have some divisional interruptions and different levels of strength in some parts of the history. This essay was aimed to critically investigate Rural Development plans before and after the Iranian Revolution. To do so, based on a library study, construction programs before the Revolution since 1941 and after the Revolution were examined in Development plans. The results indicated that, before the Revolution, Rural construction plans were centralized and top-down, lacked indigenous studies and sociological attitude, and had technical attitude toward Rural issues. After the Revolution, first, a kind of increasing participation was experienced in the form of social mobilization, influenced by the transformations occurring at the macro level of society. There was no sign of bureaucracy in this period; but, gradually, following the transformations, the participation model again took the guided-from-the-outside form. In general, in the five-year post-revolution Development planning, deviation from the execution of approved plan, limitation to some executive measures, and executing previous projects despite content changes have been evident. Rural Development plans do not have sufficient budgetary allocations, are not written according to the pathology of previous plans, and no organization or institution accounts for their lack of execution. In other words, lack of access to the goals does not bind the approvers. More details are discussed below.

One of the Rural Development approaches is the down-up planning in which local people participation and their effective engagement in planning process are focus for Rural Development activities. The Rural Islamic councils in Iran are main factor for people participation in local Development. Therefore study of role of councils in Rural Development and assessment of people point of view about council's performance is very important. This subject was the principal motivation for studying the role of Rural councils in Hakimiyyeh sub-district in Zaramdyyeh Township in Markazi province. In this research, people and council’s members’ point of view are gathered by questionnaires, and some variables such as the villager’s problems and needs, according to people and council member’s point of view, the council’s performance for doing their functions, according to the people point of view and people satisfaction about councils are studied. The results of the research indicated that the village’s councils had a good performance about the increase of people participation in Rural Development more than any other affairs including Rural, social and economical improvement. Also according to research findings, the villagers are inclined to participate in Rural Development with cooperation of council’s members. Furthermore the council members have been achieved success in doing their functions. Also the cooperation and participation of local people was desirable. Therefore more strengthening of the Rural councils is necessary and can be very effective in Rural Development.

Sustainable Rural Development based on participation of villagers and a focused management of governmental and the widespread distribution and various differences in gross and Iran have not been explained so far in the past and had no success.Therefore, the creation and activity of local managements in Rural areas is necessary, and while the new local management of Rural people under the direct representatives Dhyaryha villagers (Islamic Councils) and control and public policy (and Frmandaryha municipalities) in the villages of managerial role shall therefore Dhyaryha good performance can be taken step for sustainable Development of Rural.In this regard, Rural central part of Tehran city having the potential of existing and, if appropriate and desirable practice in the future Dhyaryha can achieve Rural Development.In this study the fundamental goals and desired strategy is the following:1- to identify existing capabilities and potentials of the central part of Tehran2- achieving sustainable Rural Development using the existing potentials of the Rural sector and new management practices Dhyaryha3- Provide solutions and recommendations necessary for success, continuity and stability and reduce impairments DhyaryhaIn this regard, with a broad section of central Tehran, especially the use of tools such as villages and extensive interviews with a comprehensive interview prefect, prefect officials and the governor, all Dhyaran and villagers, Islamic Councils and other relevant agencies and the use of library resources and Documents and recognizing the problems and bottlenecks and analyze findings and assumptions prove to provide the necessary operational strategies and proposals to eliminate existing deficiencies and failure and desirable role Dhyaryha and achieving sustainable Development in Rural action was taken.